In which type of circuit is the same voltage applied across all components?

In a parallel circuit, multiple components are connected across the same voltage source, meaning that each component receives the full voltage supplied by that source. This arrangement allows the voltage across each branch to be the same, regardless of the number of components connected or their individual resistances.

When one component fails or is removed in a parallel circuit, the others continue to operate normally because they each maintain their own independent path for current flow. This is a key feature that distinguishes parallel circuits from series circuits, where the voltage is divided among the components rather than being the same across each one.

In comparison, an open circuit is one that has a break in the path, preventing current from flowing at all, and a closed circuit allows current to flow but does not dictate how voltage is distributed among components. Thus, the parallel circuit is the only type where all components experience the same voltage drop.